| Year | Milestone |
|---|---|
|
1680s |
Hollander beater invented in the Netherlands |
|
1798 |
Nicholas Louis Robert patents a continuous paper-forming machine (France) |
|
1803--1805 |
Bryan Donkin and the Fourdrinier brothers perfect the Fourdrinier machine in England |
|
1809 |
John Dickinson builds the first cylinder mold machine |
|
1843 |
Keller invents mechanical wood-pulp grinding (Germany) |
|
1851 |
Soda pulping by Burgess and Watt (UK/US) |
|
1857 |
Sulfite pulping by Tilghman (US) |
|
1884 |
Sulfate (kraft) pulping by Dahl (Germany) |
These breakthroughs opened the path for wood as the primary raw material. By the early 20th century, paper machines had become large-scale industrial equipment.
